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Reconciling the Cultural Claims of Majorities and Minorities – Le Québec autrement

Reconciling the Cultural Claims of Majorities and Minorities

Michael Da Silva et Daniel Weinstock 

Un chapitre tiré de Majorities, minorities, and the future of nationhood, L. Orgad et R. Koopmans dirs. (2023)

Many responses to the resurgence of “majority nationalism” assume that that there is nothing normatively significant to the claims of national majorities. They accordingly seek to blunt the force those claims – or simply redescribe them in ways that do not account for majority nationalists’ central commitments or concerns. The very arguments used to ground minority rights in Kymlicka’s works appear to equally justify at least some majority cultural rights. Where a group possesses majority status by reasonably benign means and yet faces threats to its culture through the operation of, for example, globalization, Kymlickean arguments for minority rights grounded in cultural vulnerability equally justify majority cultural rights. In “Nationhood, Multiculturalism, and the Ethics of Membership,” Kymlicka presents justice-based reasons to think that majority rights claims should nonetheless be neutralized. Yet his arguments assume that majority and minority rights claims will only be made within the boundaries of a nation-state and that rights recognition in those circumstances will be a “zero sum” game. This assumption too is unwarranted in a globalized world. The issue of majority rights claims is at least more complicated than what Kymlicka allows.

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Daniel Weinstock est titulaire de la Chaire Katharine A. Pearson en société civile et politiques publiques à l'Université McGill. Il y enseigne à la Faculté de droit, au Département de philosophie, à l'École de politiques publiques, ainsi qu'à l'École de santé globale et populationnelle. Sa recherche porte sur l'éthique et sur la philosophie des politiques publiques dans plusieurs champs, dont l'éducation, l'immigration, la santé, et la gestion de la diversité ethno-culturelle. Avant de se joindre à l'Université McGill, il a été pendant 20 ans professeur au Département de philosophie de l'Université de Montréal, où il a été le directeur-fondateur du Centre de recherche en éthique de l'Université de Montréal. Il a été le lauréat de plusieurs prix de recherche, dont le prix André-Laurendeau décerné par l'ACFAS, le prix de la recherche de la Fondation Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, et le prix Charles-Taylor, décerné par l'Institut Broadbent. Il a été professeur invité dans de nombreuses universités, dont l'Université Stanford, l'Université Pompeu Fabra, la Australian National University, et l'Université Ritsumeikan. Toujours profondément impliqué dans la vie publique québécoise, il a entre autres été membre du Groupe de travail sur la place de la religion à l'école publique québécoise (1997-1999), président du Comité d'éthique de la santé publique du Québec (2004-2008), et membre du comité aviseur de la Commission Bouchard-Taylor (2007-2009).